Digestive System Human.
The digestive system is one of the best gift of God for all humans of world. Basically system responsible for breaking down food into usable nutrients for all organs of body and eliminating waste products from the body in the form of urine and wastes. The digestive system of human consist of following parts:
1. mouth.
2. Esophagus.
3. Stomach.
4. Small intestine.
5. Large intestine.
6. Rectum.
1. Mouth:
The mouth of human is the starting area of the digestive system main function of mouth is to lubricate and mechanically break down food into smaller pieces through chewing and grinding with the teeth. Lubricant function perform by saliva . Saliva produced by the salivary glands. It contains an enzyme called amylase that begins the process of breaking down carbohydrates in to glucose. Mouth also contains tongue and cheeks both help to mix the food with saliva to form a bolus, which is then can easily swallowed.
2. Esophagus:
Mixture of food from mouth came down in esophagus. Esophagus is a muscular tube like organ it connects the mouth to the stomach. Because of the coordinated contractions of muscles of esophagus, called peristalsis, food moves downward into the stomach. There is a very special ring of muscle name lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which is present at the bottom of the esophagus. The function of (LES) is to regulates the flow of mixture of food towards the stomach and prevents backflow of mixture of food into the esophagus.
3. Stomach:
Stomach of human is a muscular sac it's main function is mixes and grinds food. In stomach there is gastric glands that secrete gastric juices it mix with food to form a semi liquid called chyme. Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, name pepsin, which break down proteins in to amino acids. The stomach muscles contract very sharply to mix and grind the food, and the LES relaxes to allow small amounts of chyme to pass into the small intestine.
4. Small intestine:
Small intestine is the main area of digestive system where the digestion and absorption of nutrient absorption takes place. The walls of small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area of small intestine available for nutrient absorption. The small intestine also receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver to aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Most of the nutrients from the food are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine and transported to the rest of the body.
In Human Digestive System small intestine is made up of three parts:
1. Duodenum.
2. Jejunum.
3. Ileum.
1. Duodenum.
It receives partially digested food from the stomach and mixes it with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver.
2. Jejunum.
In Jejunum most of the nutrient absorption takes place.
3. Ileum.
The function of Ileum is to absorbs remaining nutrients and water.
Role of pancreas and bile in digestive system.
Pancreas and bile both are very important in the digestive system, and play a key role in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food material.
Basically pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that secrete both digestive enzymes and hormones. Pancreas secrete pancreatic juice which contains mixture of enzymes. Pancreatic juice from pancreas secreted into the small intestine.
Here are enzymes secreted by pancreatic juice:
1. Proteases.
Function of protease is to break down proteins into smaller peptides.
2. Amylases.
Function of amylase is to break down carbohydrates into simpler glucose.
3. Lipases.
Function of lipase is to break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
All above enzymes play a key role in digestion which is takes place in small intestine. All these enzymes break down chyme into smaller and simplest molecules that can easily absorbed by the the small intestine. Pancreas also secrete a very important hormone called insulin function of insulin is maintain metabolism of the absorbed nutrients.
Bile which is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, is also very special secretion of digestive system. Function of bile is to emulsify and break the largest fats into smallest fats and finally these simplest fats are very easily digested by enzyme which secreted by pancreas.
Along with fat digestion bile also play a key role in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K. Without bile, these vitamins would not be absorbed property and causes different types of deficiencies.
In digestion and absorption pancreas and bile are very important and play a key role. All enzymes that pancreas secrete help to break down food into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body, while bile helps in the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. When either the pancreas or the bile is not functioning properly, digestive problems can starts i.e result in malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies.
For example, if the pancreas is not producing enough digestive enzymes, food can pass through the digestive system undigested, leading to malnutrition and weight loss. If the bile ducts are obstructed, bile can back up into the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to liver damage.
In conclusion, the pancreas and bile are both very important components of the digestive system, and work together to ensure that food is broken down and absorbed effectively and efficiently. For healthy digestive system pancreas and bile performance play very important role for good digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health.
5.Large intestine:
Major function of large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food material and finally helps in the formation of feces. The feces are then stored in the rectum after some time pass away through the anus. The large intestine also contains bacteria that help in the fermentation of remaining nutrients.
The large intestine, also names as the colon. It is made up of following parts:
1. cecum.
2. Ascending colon.
3. Transverse colon.
4. Descending colon.
5. Sigmoid colon.
6. Rectum:
Rectum is the last organ of the large intestine and serves as a temporary storage place for feces. There are so many receptors inside rectum that work as messenger and give signal for the need for excretion of feces. The external anal sphincter muscle in rectum allows for voluntary control over defecation.
Digestive system of human is a special blessing of God and this system is play important role for the proper health and maintenance of the human body. From the mouth to the rectum, each part of the digestive system plays a specific role in the breakdown, absorption, and elimination of food. Perfect function of each part of digestive system is very important for maintaining good health and preventing a wide range of diseases and problems.
